Considering the LED, we might be required to control its brightness, rather than simply switch it off or on. Consequently, any devices they power can either be switched off or on, even if intermediate states are needed. A microcontroller is a digital device that can normally output either 0v or 5v (some microcontrollers may use 3.3v). PWM, which stands for Pulse Width Modulation, is a technique used to convert digital voltages to apparent analog voltages. Do not get intimidated by the terminology, the technique is in fact very simple an elegant (and implemented in the Arduino in a very easy-to-use way.
Using PWM, we use these two states to produce an apparent voltage between these two states. Analogously, an OFF state would be the same motor stationary, or the LED that is not emitting any light. However, in many situations we desire to have analog states which are somewhere in between these two.Īn ON state could be a motor going at full speed or an LED at its maximum brightness. Generally, any digital device like an Arduino deals only with two states i.e. In this tutorial, I will explain the theory Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), and how to use it with an Arduino to control the brightness of an LED. Move it to your Multisim™ working folder and then follow the instructions for merging the library.
usr file extension and then correlated the file creation time. Find it by searching in C: drive for the.
Keep in mind that if the Multisim™ version does not match the template version, you will have to use the Convert database option which works the same way as the Merge database.When Multisim™ asks you for the database file, you should select r.Check if you are able to access to your User Database and if you have any components in it by opening Place Component (right-click or ), then in the Database dropbox select User Database.If the problem persists, since you already have the correct version, check if you have access to the Database.Be sure to have Circuit Design Suite (Multisim™ and Ultiboard) version 13.0 (or later).SolutionThere are several solutions for this error:
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